ARTICLES AND STUDIES
Introduction
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Anca-Maria BERCARU
Realism social în povestirea „Lăutarul” de Milovan Glišić / Social Realism in The Fiddler by Milovan Glišić
Institution: Lecturer PhD.,
Department of Slavic Studies, Faculty of Foreign Languages and Literatures, University of Bucharest
Email: anca.bercaru@lls.unibuc.ro
Keywords: Serbian realism; Milovan Glišić; social realism; story “Svirač”
Abstract
Milovan Glišić, the creator of the Serbian realist story, is one of the most prominent representatives of social and folk realism in Serbian literature, who idealized the rural world and could not passively watch the disintegration of the patriarchal system in which capitalist aspirations began to penetrate. Of all realist writers, Glišić managed most convincingly to thematize aspects of rural reality and keep in his narrative the connection with modes of oral communication which he interweaves around an anecdotal story. The story “Svirač” (The Fiddler) is one of the most eloquent satires about power abuse, fraud and unscrupulous exploitation of honest and hard-working people. The introduction of contracts for sealing agreements between people, which did not exist until then in the rural environment, where society functioned based on moral principles, and the consequences that derive from this, highlight the tragic position of the rural individual caught in the nets of the lying bureaucracy imposed by corrupt individuals.
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Cristian CHIRCA
Eliminarea barierei lingvistice – element determinant al interacțiunii sino-ruse între a doua jumătate a secolului al XVII-lea și sfârșitul secolului al XIX-lea / The Elimination of the Language Barrier – A Determining Element of Sino-Russian Interaction Between the Second Half of the 17th Century and the End of the 19th Century
Institution: Lecturer PhD., Department of Slavic Studies, Faculty of Foreign Languages and Literatures, University of Bucharest
Email: cristian.chirca@lls.unibuc.ro
Keywords: language barrier; interaction; identification; activation; school; Russian Spiritual Mission; Lifanyuan; cultural space
Abstract
In the 17th century, Russia's identity began to be shaped by the interaction between the Slavic population and an increasingly structured multi-ethnic population. This situation amplified the tendency of the Russians to establish cultural borders with an imaginary Orient which included China. Therefore, the Slavic-Orthodox cultural space began to interact with the Sino-Confucian cultural space in a process that went through three phases until the 19th century: identification, activation, and adaptation. The Sino-Russian interaction, although mediated by the common cultural background with Mongolian origins, was shielded by a language barrier that affected Sino-Russian relations. As a result, Emperors Peter I and Kangxi, two great leaders of the era, initiated the first government measures to establish schools to train translators/interpreters for the Chinese (Manchu) and Russian languages. In this regard, at the beginning of the 18th century, the Chinese language was included in Russia as a field of study in the project of the future Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg, and in China it was established the Russian language school, under the authority of the Palace Chancellery (Neige) and the Chamber for the Vasal Territories (Lifanyuan). Along with the schools of translators, a major role in the progressive elimination of the language barrier was played by the Russian Spiritual Mission in Peking, founded in 1715.
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Camelia DINU
Constructivismul sovietic militant: avangardă, revoluție și proletariat / Militant Soviet Constructivism: Avantgarde, Revolution, Proletariat
Institution: Assoc. Prof. Habil. PhD,, Department of Slavic Studies, Faculty of Foreign Languages and Literatures, University of Bucharest
Email: camelia.dinu@lls.unibuc.ro
Keywords: Utilitarianism; Futurism; Constructivist poetry; Left Front of Art; Vladimir Tatlin; Kornei Zelinsky; Ilya Selvinsky
Abstract
Constructivism, arising from the foundations of the avantgarde and based on the aesthetics of futurism, served to reflect Soviet ideology and proletarian art. This new current not only opposed itself to traditionalism it also proposed, in the early years of the Soviet state, to resolve problems both at the social-ideological and daily-utilitarian levels.
The present study examines the way in which constructivism – a late Russian-avantgarde-turned-Soviet movement – played on the tension between tradition and progress. We begin by presenting the features of constructivism and discussing the theory of constructivism in its functional-utilitarian artistic terms. We continue by showing how constructivism manifested itself in Russian literature.
We address the following questions: Which elements of the avantgarde did constructivism adopt? What innovations did constructivism offer given the social transformations of its time? To what degree was constructivism a phenomenon of proletarian art? In what ways did the constructivism manifested in architecture influence constructivist poetry on the aesthetic, stylistic and compositional levels?
The arc of our discussion points toward constructivism as the embodiment of the social and aesthetic utopia of the new political regime.
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Anna KRETSCHMER
Культурная традиция Православной Славии в трудах Н.И. Толстого / Slavia Orthodoxa and Its Cultural Tradition in the Works of N.I. Tolstoy
Institution: Prof. PhD.,
Institute of Slavic Studies, University of Vienna
Email: anna.kretschmer@univie.ac.at
Keywords: Slavia Orthodoxa; cultural traditions; Old Slavonic; typological approach
Abstract
This paper deals with the works by one of the most excellent slavists of the 20th century, Nikita I. Tolstoy (1923–1996), dedicated to the history of slavic literature of the prenational period. In focus of his interests there was the so-called Slavia Orthodoxa as a homogeneous cultural area. Its culture was very different from the cultures of the so-called Slavia Latina (Romana) as well West Europe. It was characterized by a very high degree of – conscious – stability as well ecclesiastic character. Secular culture, sciences, scholarship were not represented in it. This supernational and strong cultural tradition did exist, practically unchanged, for many centuries. The path of further development was here not evolutionary – the progress did come with the switch to the European cultural model – at different points in time in different parts of the area of Slavia Orthodoxa.
The themes this paper deals with, too, are the distinctive features of this orthodox Slavic culture, the Slav Serbian cultural tradition (about 1760 – about 1840), the cultural pluricentrism of the old East Slavia (where two different cultural areas are to be distinguished: Moscow Russia and so called (South)West Russia), as well Tolstoy's typological approach to the Slavic literary languages.
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Maria LAȚCHICI
Janko Leskovar între realism și modernism / Janko Leskovar between Realism and Modernism
Institution: Lecturer PhD.,
Department of Slavic Studies, Faculty of Foreign Languages and Literatures, University of Bucharest
Email: maria.latchici@lls.unibuc.ro
Keywords: Janko Leskovar; Modernism; leskovarac; psychological analysis; eternity
Abstract
Janko Leskovar was a Croatian novelist who worked as a teacher. He is the father of Croatian literary Modernism, especially popular among critics, and known for his weak male characters. Leskovar was interested in analyzing the psychology of these characters who were emphatically uninterested or incapable of fighting for their lives. A special type of character was named after him – leskovarac, a passive hero who is inclined to dwell in the past, constantly thinking and remembering events that ended tragically.
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Sergiu LOZINSCHI
Lumi sociale și imaginar colectiv în romanul „Învierea” de Lev Tolstoi / Social Worlds and Collective Imaginary in the Novel “Resurrection” by Leo Tolstoy
Institution: student, Faculty of Foreign Languages and Literatures, University of Bucharest
Email: sergiu.lozinschi01@gmail.com
Keywords: Tolstoy; Russian novel; social worlds; collective imaginary; intervention literature; tradition and modernity.
Abstract
The article demonstrates that the novel “Resurrection” by Leo Tolstoy makes a significant contribution to the tradition of the 19th century Russian novel by highlighting the social realities of the time. In addition, the novel enters the great debate about the relation between tradition and progress. According to Tolstoy's hero, progress represents a radical transformation in the human being and in the community it belongs to, as a result of it regaining its feeling of compassion and returning to its traditional values. Our approach is based on topical literary models, classified as “literature that heals” (Gefen 2017) and “literature as intervention” (Gefen 2021). Moreover, it investigates the way in which Tolstoy highlights the social worlds, the collective imaginary, the dramas and the dilemmas of his own era, making use of the conventions of Realism, as
well as introducing new elements of modern fiction.
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Gabriel-Andrei STAN
O „problemă blestemată”: identitatea națională în istoria intelectuală rusă din prima jumătate a secolului al XIX-lea / A “Cursed Question”: National Identity in Russian Intellectual History in the First Half of the 19th Century
Institution: Lecturer PhD., Department of Slavic Studies, Faculty of Foreign Languages and Literatures, University of Bucharest
Email: gabriel-andrei.stan@lls.unibuc.ro
Keywords: national identity; Russian intelligentsia; Slavophiles; Westernizers; autocracy
Abstract
In this paper we aim to examine how the question of national identity fostered the emergence of the Russian intelligentsia. The first half of the 19th century was an era dominated by censorship and constraints, but the debate on national identity provided intellectuals with the means to seek and propose solutions to society's most pressing problems. Thus, we will examine the ideology of each camp within the intelligentsia (both Slavophiles and Westernizers) and their attempts to define national identity.
The influence of Herder and Hegel helped some members of the intelligentsia to discover a forgotten treasure in the country's history: the tradition and culture of old Russia, which demonstrated, according to the Slavophiles, that Russia had its own identity and should no longer imitate the West which was experiencing a moral and spiritual decline. On the other hand, the Westernizers also argued for the need for a national character, adding that its maturing would take a long time. In their view, Russia belonged to the family of European nations and should not leave the path of progress and civilization. Dissatisfaction with contemporary realities during the reign of Nicholas I led the former to find salvation in the past, in Orthodox traditions and spirituality, and the latter - in a future shaped by Western progress and civilization.
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RECENZII
Anca-Maria BERCARU
Camelia Dinu (coord.), Modernismul rus în Veacul de Argint (Russian Modernism in the Silver Age)
Institution: Lecturer PhD., Department of Slavic Studies, Faculty of Foreign Languages and Literatures, University of Bucharest
Email: anca.bercaru@lls.unibuc.ro
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Camelia DINU
Leo Butnaru, Panorama poeziei avangardei ucrainene
Institution: Assoc. Prof. Habil. PhD., Department of Slavic Studies, Faculty of Foreign Languages and Literatures, University of Bucharest
Email: camelia.dinu@lls.unibuc.ro
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Ciprian NIȚIȘOR
Orlando Figes, The Whisperers. Private life in Stalin's Russia
Institution: PhD. in Philology,
Faculty of Foreign Languages and Literatures, University of Bucharest, translator
Email: ciprian6200@yahoo.com
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